The separation of powers is based
The political structure of the FRG on the basis of a democratic state. For this form of government is the separation of powers is of crucial importance.
the people decide through elections at all political Levels on the composition of the various policy-makers, each of which is responsible for a particular area. The power given to them is thus divided. A distinction between Legislative (Parliament, legislative power), executive (government, executive power) and judiciary (courts, judicial power).
separation of powers at the federal level
prerequisite for the choice of the individual is first point of social competence, professional competence, creativity and openness to innovation.
If the politicians were then chosen, it does not mean that it must abandon its previous occupation. Only in the higher levels of political office are running full time, such as land councils and mayors of major municipalities. City councils, local councils and district councils and mayors of smaller municipalities are volunteers.
The municipalities and cities
Both municipalities and cities and markets have certain mandatory and voluntary tasks, although subject to government regulators. The district office monitors in particular whether a municipality meets its duty tasks. These include:
· providing citizens with energy and water
· disposal facilities (waste disposal)
· road construction within the community
· execution of state tasks (eg registry office carrying the parliament or federal election)
other hand, the community at the voluntary tasks set their own priorities, must be paying attention but also on their financial resources at its disposal. If they are numerous charges of craft or similar, have the community it is possible to support facilities for young people and clubs.
To get an overview of revenue (eg business tax, property tax) and expenditure reserve (eg maintenance of the youth center), they create a budget each year. Alongside this are the allowances of the state or the federal government.
Such decisions mayors and local councils. They are elected for a term of six years. The number of members depends on the population of each area. Any eligible voter (18 years) awarded to exactly as many votes as there are to choose municipal councils. For the mayor, in turn, is the majority choice, which means it must be above 50% of the votes allocated to the Account. Note also the possibility of vote splitting (voters decide between party lists and groups of voters) and the accumulation (per candidate may be awarded the highest 3 votes).
The counties and districts of Bavaria
Bavaria and the other provinces are not only communities but also divided into districts and districts.
In our state there are a total of 71 counties, keeping in mind that the 25 largest cities such as Munich, Nuremberg and Ingolstadt are also acyclic. Thus, they have to worry about the next municipal tasks and affairs of the district. If local tasks beyond the region and the significance of his immense cost, the county must intervene. This term, for example:
- construction and maintenance of hospitals, nursing homes
- roads (county roads)
- Fire protection in national measures
- money for schools and universities
- helping young people
The district is characterized mainly for its social commitment to its citizens of any kind.
policy making meeting of the District and County Councils in the district council. Also determines the number of inhabitants, as well as in the municipal council, the number of district councils (80 000 inhabitants represents 50 district councils).
The chairman of this committee is the district administrator. For the district Regensb 
urg this is Mirbeth District.
The next highest are the districts. Bavaria is divided into seven districts:
Oberbayern Niederbayern Oberpfalz
Oberfranken Mittelfranken Unterfranken
Schwaben
are the institutions of the district elected by the citizens every five years, District days. At the top of the District President. First of all, takes care of the district to help the most vulnerable of our society. Thus, among his duties as the construction and maintenance of medical equipment. Besides, he is in the field of social welfare, of war victims and support education work. That is why one speaks of a "social Parliament".
Political System Bavaria
The highest authority of our political system in the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat marks the commitment to the Republic), the Bavarian state parliament. It is composed of 180 deputies, elected for a term of five years by the people. At the top sits the President of Parliament, who chairs the meetings of the Assembly of all Members of Parliament (plenary). He is the second man in the country behind the Prime Minister. Usually he is a member of the party with the most votes.
Bavarian Parliament
Even the parliament has to meet a high level of duties:
- President of the Supreme Bavarian Court choose
- State Commissioner for Data Protection select
- consent to election of state ministers and state secretaries give
- Bavarian Minister President
choose - make suggestions
political solution - make political statements
-
discuss political issues - the right of legislation (including the budget law) exercise
- Members of the Bavarian Constitutional Court choose
- Government and Administration (Executive)
control - control rights: oral question or Current
Question Time - Petitions (inputs) from citizens Edit /
forward from the majority in Parliament, it is clear the state government that is currently provided by the CSU. The Prime Minister made his government after the country's majority. It also determines the policy guidelines and bears responsibility.
The Prime Minister (currently Günter Beckstein , see picture) and his ministers are the supreme governing and executive authority of a province. They are in possession of the executive. Together they make among other bills, parliamentary decisions and share in the Indeed, to design and budget. In addition, the State Government next to the parliament and the people the right to table draft legislation. If the law is decided by the Diet, the Prime Minister signed it and makes it legal.
the countries it is not possible to decide on all policy areas themselves. As Bavaria is a part of the Federal Republic of Germany, it must accept that there are areas in which only the federal government can act. The school system of each country it is excluded as well as the police and the local law. Nevertheless, there are areas in the complement federal and state governments. Use of the Federal Council may at any time Bayern's influence on the Federal Republic take. But more on that later.
The Confederation 
At the country level, it is the parliament of the legislature holds, while it is at the federal level, the Bundestag, based in the city of Berlin. In the Bundestag refers to the composition of the governing party (s) (currently CDU / CSU & SPD) and the opposition (FDP , Bündnis'90, the Greens , d he left ) . Overall, it consists of 598 elected MPs. He has the right to:
- Adoption of the law (most important task)
- Election of Chancellor on the proposal of President
- helping the election of the President
- political debates
- choose half the members of the Federal Constitutional Court
- Participate in the election of judges of the supreme federal court - adopts the budget
- political discussions about government statement
As the interests of the parties differ in some respects, it soon becomes clear that, the Bundestag shall generally into two camps. So a party has not in the federal elections, the majority (50%), it must look for a coalition partner. This alliance now represents the government. The other parties form the opposition, mostly as an advocate the population acts who are dissatisfied with the government. Since we live in a parliamentary democracy, a strong opposition is indispensable.
Members of a party or advocate a specific policy objectives (eg CDU / CSU ) form a group. Is therefore a decision, the individual members of parliament are based on the position of their pre-determined position of the group.
the beginning of the term of office shall determine the fractions of the organization. So that they will work most effectively bebildet for the individual subjects committees. These provide the necessary information, give advice, propose solutions. However, one must not forget that the final decision at the General Assembly (plenary ) takes place.
The coalition partners are working closely with the Federal Government, which provided the most bills (Exekutive!). This is due to the fact that they are in comparison to the opposition - the means available to deal with a number of experts.
No matter whether they belong to the government or the opposition, members of parliament have to do very different tasks. Their paths are very long, until they eventually we create one. Here too, the voice is in demand of the citizen, with his cross for a seat in the House provides. Thus, the local governance will be crucial for the success of a representative. By working in clubs, interviews with citizens and decisions on various committees he gains a closeness to the people, which gives him sympathy points. If the target is reached, the schedule is tight. Drifting and forth between Berlin and the respective constituency is inevitable.
apply in the Bundestag for the vote a few rules that must be observed. If a comment or vote in Parliament fails though they may not be held responsible ( indemnity ), unless it is a defamatory libel. They also have the right according to the Basic Law of the immunity. This means that the deputy is safe from unauthorized imprisonment. This occurs, however, cease to apply when he is criminally liable.
outweigh currently just under the Members of the CDU / CSU in the Bundestag, followed closely by the SPD. These two parties are now since 2005, the federal government - the head of the executive in Germany. The scepter in turn, the Chancellor or the Chancellor in his hand.
The major parties nominate during the general election in each case a candidate for chancellor. However, the citizens to decide on the party whose candidate for their opinion this office is more appropriate. The Basic Law for the Federal Chancellor is elected on the proposal of the President of the Bundestag. The candidate who receives the majority of votes by the Parliament governed.
Previously there were eight in Germany Chancellor:
- Konrad Adenauer, the CDU / CSU (1949-1963)
- Ludwig Erhard , CDU / CSU (1963-1966)
- Kurt Georg Kiesinger , CDU CSU (1966-1969)
- Willy Brandt , SPD (1969-1974)
- Helmut Schmidt, SPD (1974-1982)
- Helmut Kohl, CDU / CSU (1982-1998)
- Gerhard Schröder , SPD (1998-2005)
- Angela Merkel , CDU / CSU (2005)
The Chancellor shall appoint individual ministers and assigns them to their areas of responsibility. However, to watch what the Chancellor also insisted that his coalition partner is not neglected. If that is created unrest among the other, his position is strong in danger.
Over the long-reigning German Chancellor outstanding power, which is why we also speak of a "chancellor democracy." He has the powers of the Federal Minister to propose, even if the President appoints them officially, and according to the Basic Law and the policy-making authority . This refers to that individual ministers he political Specifies requirements that must be implemented by them. Although the ministers largely independently within their area or department ( Ressortprinzi p) may decide they have no choice but to follow the templates of the chancellor. In case of disagreement, the Minister, the Cabinet shall take the decision as a college ( collegiality ).
The Federal Government has also the following tasks to tackle:
- right to introduce bills
- supreme executive authority and therefore responsible for compliance with and implementation of legislation;
- Draft budget by Finance
addition to the Bundestag and the Bundesrat is an important political institution in Germany. Since Germany is a federal state, there is a regulated by the Constitution of co-existence of jurisdiction between federal and state governments. This is known as federalism ( Latin foedus = Alliance Treaty).
addition, it is also a collaboration between the various provinces. This is referred to by a co-operative federalism . The Federal Council is composed of the various prime ministers of the respective countries or from the departmental ministers. At these meetings they discuss issues and policies with respect to the federal government. For one year, the Prime Minister of a country is the chairman. At this time he is at once our Deputy Head of State, the Federal President
of meeting of the Federal
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If a law of both the Bundestag and Bundesrat "Okay," it is signed by the President. The President is the real head of state of Federal Republic of Germany.
for his election will appoint a committee set up specially: the Federal Assembly. It comprises representatives from all countries members of the Bundestag and an equal number of, by the state parliaments be selected. It is elected by secret ballot. Also required here is as in the Federal election by absolute majority. For a period of five years, he is the German head of state. During his tenure, he lived in the Bellevue Palace.
Compared to other countries, such as the U.S., he has only limited political skills. He is neither a member of the Federal Government has a policy nor competence. His duties include instead:
- Appointment of the Federal Minister
- Validity of laws by signing
- power to refuse the office if Chancellor candidates lack
primarily takes the President representative Tasks. This contact is part of the population too young. He also receives foreign guests of state or even in different countries will travel to Germany to represent the outside. He also expresses itself in many current political, cultural and social issues.
The former Federal President of Germany were:
- Theodor Heuss, FDP (1949-1959)
- Heinrich Lübke, CDU (1959-1969)
- Gustav Heinemann, SPD (1969-1974)
- Walter Scheel , FDP (1974-1979)
- Karl Carstens, CDU (1979-1984)
- Richard von Weizsacker, CDU (1984-1994)
- Roman Herzog, CDU (1994-1999)
- Johannes Rau, SPD (1999.2004)
- Horst Koehler, the CDU (since 2004)
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